Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-11 (of 11 Records) |
Query Trace: Linn H[original query] |
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End malaria faster: Taking lifesaving tools beyond "access" to "reach" all people in need
Emerson C , Meline J , Linn A , Wallace J , Kapella BK , Venkatesan M , Steketee R . Glob Health Sci Pract 2022 10 (2) To “reach the unreached” with preventive and curative malaria services, we must know which individuals and communities remain unreached and then bring tailored services from the clinic to the community and home. | To effectively address malaria control and elimination worldwide, we must endeavor to “reach the unreached,” to deliver malaria services from the clinic to the community and home. Reach moves beyond access and requires that we have the data to know who are unreached, where they are located, and how to ensure they receive malaria services. Reach can only be achieved with community health workers that are adequately supported and equipped to diagnose and treat malaria in every person in their communities regardless of age. Reach incorporates equity and responsibility for service delivery more expansively. | eng |
World Malaria Day 2021: Commemorating 15 Years of Contribution by the United States President's Malaria Initiative.
Steketee RW , Choi M , Linn A , Florey L , Murphy M , Panjabi R . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021 104 (6) 1955-1959 World Malaria Day 2021 coincides with the 15th anniversary of the United States President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) and follows the first anniversary of the declaration of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. From 2006 to the present, the PMI has led to considerable country-managed progress in malaria prevention, care, and treatment in 24 of the highest-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa and three countries in the Southeast Asia Greater Mekong subregion. Furthermore, it has contributed to a 29% reduction in malaria cases and a 60% reduction in the death rates in sub-Saharan Africa. In this context of progress, substantial heterogeneity persists within and between countries, such that malaria control programs can seek subnational elimination in some populations but others still experience substantial malaria disease and death. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most malaria programs have shown resilience in delivering prevention campaigns, but many experienced important disruptions in their care and treatment of malaria illness. Confronting the COVID-19 pandemic and building on the progress against malaria will require fortitude, including strengthening the quality and ensuring the safety and resiliency of the existing programs, extending services to those currently not reached, and supporting the people and partners closest to those in need. |
Advancing malaria prevention and control in africa through the Peace Corps-US President's Malaria Initiative Partnership
Henderson SJ , Belemvire A , Nelson R , Linn A , Moriarty LF , Brofsky E , Diaw M , Gittelman D . Glob Adv Health Med 2020 9 2164956120976107 Background: Peace Corps is a US government volunteer service agency which provides trained Volunteers to assist host countries in addressing critical development challenges at the community level. The US President's Malaria Initiative provides technical expertise and financial resources to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in focus countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective(s): We aim to describe the nature of the collaboration between Peace Corps and President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) and highlight examples of the partnership in select countries. Method(s): We conducted an analysis of retrospective data obtained from Peace Corps and PMI for the years 2014-2019. Result(s): Volunteers were able to learn about and work on malaria prevention and control with PMI in three key ways: a malaria-specific training program for staff and Volunteers; malaria-focused small grants; and extension of Volunteer assignments for a third year to support malaria projects. Successful Peace Corps projects supported by PMI, at the community level, were highlighted, with a focus on Rwanda, Benin, Zambia, Madagascar, and Senegal. In Fiscal Year 2019, 1408 Volunteers contributed to malaria prevention activities in 18 Peace Corps programs across Africa, of which 15 were PMI focus countries. While the majority of documented work by Volunteers has involved social and behavior change, there were many other ways to partner with PMI staff. Conclusion(s): Each of the proven interventions that PMI supports for malaria prevention and control may have a role for Volunteer involvement. Combined with the technical expertise and the relationships that PMI staff have with national-level counterparts in PMI focus countries, the continued collaboration between Peace Corps and PMI can accelerate the fight against malaria. |
Proactive community case management in Senegal 2014-2016: a case study in maximizing the impact of community case management of malaria
Gaye S , Kibler J , Ndiaye JL , Diouf MB , Linn A , Gueye AB , Fall FB , Ndiop M , Diallo I , Cisse M , Ba M , Thwing J . Malar J 2020 19 (1) 166 The Senegal National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) introduced home-based malaria management for all ages, with diagnosis by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in 2008, expanding to over 2000 villages nationwide by 2014. With prise en charge a domicile (PECADOM), community health workers (CHWs) were available for community members to seek care, but did not actively visit households to find cases. A trial of a proactive model (PECADOM Plus), in which CHWs visited all households in their village weekly during transmission season to identify fever cases and offer case management, in addition to availability during the week for home-based management, found that CHWs detected and treated more cases in intervention villages, while the number of cases detected weekly decreased over the transmission season. The NMCP scaled PECADOM Plus to three districts in 2014 (132 villages), to a total of six districts in 2015 (246 villages), and to a total of 16 districts in 2016 (708 villages). A narrative case study with programmatic results is presented. During active sweeps over approximately 20 weeks, CHWs tested a mean of 77 patients per CHW in 2014, 89 patients per CHW in 2015, and 90 patients per CHW in 2016, and diagnosed a mean of 61, 61 and 43 patients with malaria per CHW in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The number of patients who sought care between sweeps increased, with a 104% increase in the number of RDTs performed and a 77% increase in the number of positive tests and patients treated with ACT during passive case detection. While the number of CHWs increased 7%, the number of patients receiving an RDT increased by 307% and the number of malaria cases detected and treated by CHWs increased 274%, from the year prior to PECADOM Plus introduction to its first year of implementation. Based on these results, approximately 700 additional CHWs in 24 new districts were added in 2017. This case study describes the process, results and lessons learned from Senegal's implementation of PECADOM Plus, as well as guidance for other programmes considering introduction of this innovative strategy. |
Surveillance for tick-borne viruses near the location of a fatal human case of Bourbon virus (Family Orthomyxoviridae: Genus Thogotovirus) in Eastern Kansas, 2015
Savage HM , Godsey MS Jr , Panella NA , Burkhalter KL , Manford J , Trevino-Garrison IC , Straily A , Wilson S , Bowen J , Raghavan RK . J Med Entomol 2018 55 (3) 701-705 Bourbon virus (Family Orthomyxoviridae: Genus Thogotovirus) was first isolated from a human case-patient residing in Bourbon County, Kansas, who subsequently died. Before becoming ill in late spring of 2014, the patient reported several tick bites. In response, we initiated tick surveillance in Bourbon County and adjacent southern Linn County during spring and summer of 2015. We collected 20,639 host-seeking ticks representing four species from 12 sites. Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) accounted for nearly all ticks collected (99.99%). Three tick pools, all composed of adult A. americanum ticks collected in Bourbon County, were virus positive. Two pools were Heartland virus (Family Bunyaviridae: Genus Phlebovirus) positive, and one was Bourbon virus positive. The Bourbon virus positive tick pool was composed of five adult females collected on a private recreational property on June 5. Detection of Bourbon virus in the abundant and aggressive human-biting tick A. americanum in Bourbon County supports the contention that A. americanum is a vector of Bourbon virus to humans. The current data combined with virus detections in Missouri suggest that Bourbon virus is transmitted to humans by A. americanum ticks, including both the nymphal and adult stages, that ticks of this species become infected as either larvae, nymphs or both, perhaps by feeding on viremic vertebrate hosts, by cofeeding with infected ticks, or both, and that Bourbon virus is transstadially transmitted. Multiple detections of Heartland virus and Bourbon virus in A. americanum ticks suggest that these viruses share important components of their transmission cycles. |
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
Fitzmaurice C , Allen C , Barber RM , Barregard L , Bhutta ZA , Brenner H , Dicker DJ , Chimed-Orchir O , Dandona R , Dandona L , Fleming T , Forouzanfar MH , Hancock J , Hay RJ , Hunter-Merrill R , Huynh C , Hosgood HD , Johnson CO , Jonas JB , Khubchandani J , Kumar GA , Kutz M , Lan Q , Larson HJ , Liang X , Lim SS , Lopez AD , MacIntyre MF , Marczak L , Marquez N , Mokdad AH , Pinho C , Pourmalek F , Salomon JA , Sanabria JR , Sandar L , Sartorius B , Schwartz SM , Shackelford KA , Shibuya K , Stanaway J , Steiner C , Sun J , Takahashi K , Vollset SE , Vos T , Wagner JA , Wang H , Westerman R , Zeeb H , Zoeckler L , Abd-Allah F , Ahmed MB , Alabed S , Alam NK , Aldhahri SF , Alem G , Alemayohu MA , Ali R , Al-Raddadi R , Amare A , Amoako Y , Artaman A , Asayesh H , Atnafu N , Awasthi A , Saleem HB , Barac A , Bedi N , Bensenor I , Berhane A , Bernabe E , Betsu B , Binagwaho A , Boneya D , Campos-Nonato I , Castaneda-Orjuela C , Catala-Lopez F , Chiang P , Chibueze C , Chitheer A , Choi JY , Cowie B , Damtew S , das Neves J , Dey S , Dharmaratne S , Dhillon P , Ding E , Driscoll T , Ekwueme D , Endries AY , Farvid M , Farzadfar F , Fernandes J , Fischer F , GHiwot TT , Gebru A , Gopalani S , Hailu A , Horino M , Horita N , Husseini A , Huybrechts I , Inoue M , Islami F , Jakovljevic M , James S , Javanbakht M , Jee SH , Kasaeian A , Kedir MS , Khader YS , Khang YH , Kim D , Leigh J , Linn S , Lunevicius R , El Razek HM , Malekzadeh R , Malta DC , Marcenes W , Markos D , Melaku YA , Meles KG , Mendoza W , Mengiste DT , Meretoja TJ , Miller TR , Mohammad KA , Mohammadi A , Mohammed S , Moradi-Lakeh M , Nagel G , Nand D , Le Nguyen Q , Nolte S , Ogbo FA , Oladimeji KE , Oren E , Pa M , Park EK , Pereira DM , Plass D , Qorbani M , Radfar A , Rafay A , Rahman M , Rana SM , Soreide K , Satpathy M , Sawhney M , Sepanlou SG , Shaikh MA , She J , Shiue I , Shore HR , Shrime MG , So S , Soneji S , Stathopoulou V , Stroumpoulis K , Sufiyan MB , Sykes BL , Tabares-Seisdedos R , Tadese F , Tedla BA , Tessema GA , Thakur JS , Tran BX , Ukwaja KN , Uzochukwu BS , Vlassov VV , Weiderpass E , Wubshet Terefe M , Yebyo HG , Yimam HH , Yonemoto N , Younis MZ , Yu C , Zaidi Z , Zaki ME , Zenebe ZM , Murray CJ , Naghavi M . JAMA Oncol 2016 3 (4) 524-548 Importance: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. Objective: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Evidence Review: Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results. Findings: In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined. Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent. Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (-6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), -10.6% to -1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant. Conclusion and Relevance: As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet. |
International guidelines for the in vivo assessment of skin properties in non-clinical settings: part 1. pH
Stefaniak AB , Plessis JD , John SM , Eloff F , Agner T , Chou TC , Nixon R , Steiner MF , Kudla I , Linn Holness D . Skin Res Technol 2012 19 (2) 59-68 BACKGROUND: Skin surface pH is known to influence the dissolution and partitioning of chemicals and may influence exposures that lead to skin diseases. Non-clinical environments (e.g. workplaces) are highly variable, thereby presenting unique measurement challenges that are not typically encountered in clinical settings. Hence, guidelines are needed for consistent measurement of skin surface pH in environments that are difficult to control. METHODS: An expert workshop was convened at the 5th International Conference on Occupational and Environmental Exposure of Skin to Chemicals to review available data on factors that could influence the determination of skin surface pH in non-clinical settings with emphasis on the workplace as a worst case scenario. RESULTS: The key elements of the guidelines are: (i) minimize, to the extent feasible, the influences of relevant endogenous (anatomical position, skin health, time of day), exogenous (hand washing, barrier creams, soaps and detergents, occlusion), environmental (seasonality), and measurement (atmospheric conditions) factors; (ii) report pH measurements results as a difference or percent change (not absolute values) using a measure of central tendency and variability; and (iii) report notable deviations from these guidelines and other relevant factors that may influence measurements. CONCLUSION: Guidelines on the measurement and reporting of skin surface pH in non-clinical settings should promote consistency in data reporting, facilitate inter-comparison of study results, and aid in understanding and preventing occupational skin diseases. |
Perceived impact of the Medicare policy to adjust payment for health care-associated infections
Lee GM , Hartmann CW , Graham D , Kassler W , Dutta Linn M , Krein S , Saint S , Goldmann DA , Fridkin S , Horan T , Jernigan J , Jha A . Am J Infect Control 2012 40 (4) 314-9 BACKGROUND: In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) ceased additional payment for hospitalizations resulting in complications deemed preventable, including several health care-associated infections. We sought to understand the impact of the CMS payment policy on infection prevention efforts. METHODS: A national survey of infection preventionists from a random sample of US hospitals was conducted in December 2010. RESULTS: Eighty-one percent reported increased attention to HAIs targeted by the CMS policy, whereas one-third reported spending less time on nontargeted HAIs. Only 15% reported increased funding for infection control as a result of the CMS policy, whereas most reported stable (77%) funding. Respondents reported faster removal of urinary (71%) and central venous (50%) catheters as a result of the CMS policy, whereas routine urine and blood cultures on admission occurred infrequently (27% and 13%, respectively). Resource shifting (ie, less time spent on nontargeted HAIs) occurred more commonly in large hospitals (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.0-5.1; P = .038) but less often in hospitals where front-line staff were receptive to changes in clinical processes (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval: 0.3-0.8; P = .005). CONCLUSION: Infection preventionists reported greater hospital attention to preventing targeted HAIs as a result of the CMS nonpayment policy. Whether the increased focus and greater engagement in HAI prevention practices has led to better patient outcomes is unclear. |
Financial barriers to the adoption of combination vaccines by pediatricians
Gidengil CA , Dutta-Linn MM , Messonnier ML , Rusinak D , Lieu TA . Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010 164 (12) 1138-44 OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of combination vaccine use and the associated financial barriers faced by pediatric practices, and to identify determinants of adoption of combination vaccines. DESIGN: Mailed national survey. SETTING: Pediatric practices during the period from August through October 2008. PARTICIPANTS: Pediatricians randomly selected from the American Medical Association Masterfile. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Use of 1 of 2 infant combination vaccines (the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, hepatitis B virus, and inactivated poliovirus [DTaP-HepB-IPV] vaccine or the DTaP, IPV, and Haemophilus influenzae type b [DTaP-IPV/Hib] vaccine). RESULTS: We received 629 responses (response rate, 67%). Four hundred ninety-two pediatricians (78%) reported using 1 or both of the infant combination vaccines of interest (ie, the DTaP-HepB-IPV or DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine). More than half of the respondents said their practice did not receive adequate reimbursement for the purchase and administration of vaccines in general. More than one-fifth reported not using 1 or more of the combination vaccines because of inadequate reimbursement for the cost of vaccine doses (23% of respondents) and/or vaccine administration (20% of respondents). The infant combination vaccines studied were less likely to be used by smaller practices, by those with a lower proportion of publicly insured patients, and by those with less inclusive state vaccine financing policies. CONCLUSIONS: One in 5 pediatricians reported that inadequate reimbursement prevented their using 1 or more combination vaccines. Practice size as well as the proportion of children whose vaccinations are paid for by public funds appear to be important determinants of the adoption of combination vaccines. |
Occupational fatalities, injuries, illnesses, and related economic loss in the wholesale and retail trade sector
Anderson VP , Schulte PA , Sestito J , Linn H , Nguyen LS . Am J Ind Med 2010 53 (7) 673-85 BACKGROUND: The wholesale and retail trade (WRT) sector employs over 21 million workers, or nearly 19% of the annual average employment in private industry. The perception is that workers in this sector are generally at low risk of occupational injury and death. These workers, however, are engaged in a wide range of demanding job activities and are exposed to a variety of hazards. Prior to this report, a comprehensive appraisal of the occupational fatal and nonfatal burdens affecting the retail and wholesale sectors was lacking. The focus of this review is to assess the overall occupational safety and health burden in WRT and to identify various subsectors that have high rates of burden from occupational causes. Ultimately, these findings should be useful for targeted intervention efforts. METHODS: We reviewed Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2006 fatality, injury, and illness data for the WRT sector and provide comparisons between the WRT sector, its' subsectors, and private industry, which serves as a baseline. The BLS data provide both counts and standardized incidence rates for various exposures, events, and injury types for fatalities, injuries, and illnesses. In an effort to estimate the economic burden of these fatalities, injuries, and illnesses, a focused review of the literature was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In 2006, WRT workers experienced 820,500 injuries/illnesses and 581 fatalities. The total case injury/illness rate for the retail sector was 4.9/100 FTE and for the wholesale sector 4.1/100 FTE. The WRT sector represents 15.5% of the private sector work population in 2006, yet accounts for 20.1% of nonfatal injuries and illnesses of the private sector. In 2003, the disparity was only 2% but increased to 3% in 2004 and 2005. Three WRT subsectors had injury/illness rates well above the national average: beer/wine/liquor (8.4/100); building materials/supplies (7.6/100); and grocery-related products (7.0/100). Occupational deaths with the highest rates were found in gasoline stations (9.8/100,000), convenience stores (6.1/100,000), and used car dealers (5.5/100,000). In terms of actual numbers, the category of food and beverage stores had 82 fatalities in 2006. Based on 1993 data, costs, both direct and indirect, in the WRT sector for fatal injuries were estimated to exceed $8.6 billion. The full economic loss to society and the family has not been adequately measured. Overexertion and contact with objects/equipment represent the top two events or exposures leading to injury or illness. Together they account for 57% of the events or exposures for nonfatal WRT injuries and illnesses. This sector is important because it is large and pervasive as a result, even a relatively small increase in injury rates and accompanying days away from work will have significant impact on working families and society. Am. J. Ind. Med. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
Accuracy of data on influenza vaccination status at four Vaccine Safety Datalink sites
Greene SK , Shi P , Dutta-Linn MM , Shoup JA , Hinrichsen VL , Ray P , Nordin JD , Kuckler L , Weintraub ES , Yih WK . Am J Prev Med 2009 37 (6) 552-5 BACKGROUND: Studies of influenza vaccination using electronic medical records rely on accurate classification of vaccination status. Vaccinations not entered into electronic records would be unavailable for study. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of electronic records for influenza vaccination and factors associated with failure to capture vaccinations. METHODS: In four diverse medical care organizations in the Vaccine Safety Datalink, those aged 50-79 years with no influenza vaccination record during the 2007-2008 season were surveyed by telephone, and electronic records were analyzed in 2008. The sensitivity and NPV of electronic records were estimated, using survey responses as the gold standard. Logistic regression models determined associations between 1-NPV and demographic factors, risk of influenza complications, and healthcare utilization levels. RESULTS: Data were obtained for 933 survey participants and 1,085,916 medical care organization members. Sites varied significantly in the sensitivity (51%, 68%, 79%, 89%) and NPV (46%, 62%, 66%, 87%) of electronic records. In multivariate analysis, the rate of failure to capture vaccinations was significantly higher for those aged 65-79 years than for those aged 50-64 years at three sites. Of vaccinations not captured by electronic records, 58% were reportedly administered in nontraditional settings, usually workplaces; the rest were given within the sites. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination studies relying on electronic records may misclassify substantial proportions of vaccinated individuals as unvaccinated, producing biased estimates of vaccine effectiveness. Sites with limited sensitivity to capture vaccinations administered within their organization should seek possible remedies. More complete capture of vaccinations administered to older patients and in nontraditional settings would further reduce misclassification. |
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